Haunted by the Past: Strengthened by God’s Grace for the Present

 Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 11 -  Tuesday

Haunted by the Past

Scripture Focus: Joshua 22:13–15; Numbers 25

“And when the other children of Israel heard of it, the children of Israel gathered themselves together at Shiloh to go to war against them… And the children of Israel sent to the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the children of Manasseh, into the land of Gilead, Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, and with him ten princes of the tribes of Israel, one prince of a tribe: And they came to the children of Reuben, and to the children of Gad, and to the children of Manasseh… and they accused the children of Reuben and the children of Gad.” (Joshua 22:13–15, KJV)

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Remembering the Past

The Israelites’ reaction to the altar built by the Transjordanian tribes is deeply rooted in their collective memory of past sins. Numbers 25 recounts how Israel sinned grievously through idolatry and immorality at Baal Peor. That incident led to God’s judgment, and Phinehas, the grandson of Aaron, zealously executed God’s judgment, stopping a plague that had already claimed thousands. Similarly, Achan’s sin in Joshua 7, in taking forbidden spoils at Jericho, had brought national consequences, bringing defeat and mourning to Israel.

Because of these memories, the Israelites are understandably vigilant and cautious. The appointment of Phinehas to head the delegation in Joshua 22 is no accident. He represents godly zeal, discernment, and a direct connection to God’s holiness. The leaders wanted someone whose integrity and courage would ensure that any possible rebellion or idolatry could be confronted wisely and decisively. The past sins of Achan and the Baal Peor incident haunted them, and they feared that unchecked disobedience might invite the wrath of God upon the entire nation once again.

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How the Past Shapes Us

Like the Israelites, we often carry the weight of past experiences. Past betrayals, failures, or the consequences of sin—our own or others’—can haunt us. They shape our expectations, fears, and responses to current situations. In the same way the Israelites feared the potential consequences of rebellion, we can become overly cautious, suspicious, or judgmental in dealing with others, projecting the pain of the past onto the present.

Yet God’s grace invites us to respond differently. While memory can teach, grace allows us to act in faith rather than fear. Through Christ, we are not bound by the failures of our history. His example shows us a path of mercy, understanding, and reconciliation.

• Jesus showed grace in dealing with sinners despite their pasts. Consider the woman caught in adultery (John 8:1–11). The crowd was haunted by her past, ready to condemn, yet Jesus reminded them of God’s mercy and redirected their hearts toward repentance, not punishment.

• In Luke 5:27–32, Jesus called Levi, a tax collector despised for his past, to follow Him. He did not allow past sins to define future potential.

Grace allows us to love our neighbors without letting past mistakes—our own or theirs—control our actions. God’s Spirit enables discernment and humility: we can remain cautious without being judgmental, wise without being harsh, and faithful without being fearful.

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Reflection

• Are there past hurts or fears that make you overly critical of others?

• How can God’s grace help you respond with love instead of suspicion or condemnation?

• Are there “Phinehas moments” in your life where God calls you to act with courage but also with compassion?

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Prayer

Heavenly Father,
Thank You for Your patience with us when our past mistakes haunt us. Forgive us for letting fear, anger, or bitterness from past experiences shape how we treat others today. Teach us to lean on Your grace, to see others as You see them, and to act with love, mercy, and wisdom. Help us to remember that Your Spirit empowers us to break free from the chains of our past, so that we may foster unity and righteousness in our relationships. Guide our hearts, Lord, to respond with understanding, not suspicion, and to seek Your truth above all. In Jesus’ name, Amen.

Accusations: Judging and Misjudging Others

   Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 11 -  Monday

Accusations

Joshua 22:9–20 records one of the most tense and dramatic moments in Israel’s early life in the Promised Land. After seven years of fighting alongside their brothers, the Reubenites, Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh returned to their homes east of the Jordan. But as soon as they arrived, they built a large altar by the river—an action that immediately alarmed the western tribes.

The West Jordan tribes quickly concluded that their brothers had abandoned the Lord. They accused them of rebellion, idolatry, and breaking faith with God and the nation. They even referenced past national sins—Peor and Achan—warning that the whole nation could again suffer because of the unfaithfulness of a few. Their concerns were not entirely baseless: Israel had indeed suffered devastating consequences when individuals sinned in the past. Because of this history, their fears had some foundation.

Yet the way the situation unfolded shows how easily misunderstandings can escalate into full-blown accusations. The religious leaders—Joshua, Eleazar, and the high priest—had not been consulted before the East Jordan tribes built the altar. A simple conversation at the beginning could have avoided much tension and near civil war. But instead, suspicion grew quickly, and the western tribes prepared for conflict before asking a single question.

Jesus and Paul both warn us about this very danger. Jesus says, “Judge not, and ye shall not be judged” (Luke 6:37) and “judge righteous judgment” (John 7:24). Paul likewise cautions, “Judge nothing before the time… until the Lord come” (1 Corinthians 4:5). These teachings remind us that our perspective is limited, our assumptions are often flawed, and only God sees motives clearly.

Why do we jump to wrong conclusions so quickly? Because past hurts shape present fears. Because our pride tells us we already understand the full story. Because it feels easier to assume the worst than to patiently seek the truth. But Scripture calls us to humility, careful listening, and grace—to give others the benefit of the doubt instead of letting suspicion shape our relationships.

Prayer:
Lord, keep us from the sin of rash judgment. Teach us to pause, listen, and seek understanding before we assume the worst about others. Give us Christlike patience, humility, and love so that our relationships may reflect Your grace. Heal the divisions caused by misunderstandings and make us people who pursue peace. In Jesus’ name, Amen.

Commitment: Faithful Through the Divide

  Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 11 -  Sunday

Commitment

Joshua 22:1–8 presents a powerful picture of commitment displayed by the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half tribe of Manasseh. Though their inheritance lay east of the Jordan River, far from the main body of Israel, these tribes had promised Moses that they would not rest until their brothers were settled in the land. And they kept that promise. For six to seven years, they fought shoulder-to-shoulder with the rest of Israel, refusing to return home until every tribe had received its inheritance. Their loyalty was not half-hearted; it was costly, patient, and unified.

Their example reminds us that genuine commitment requires perseverance—even when our personal interests could easily pull us away. These tribes could have said, “We already have our land; why should we stay?” But they valued unity over convenience. They understood that God’s people stand or fall together.

Today, we face our own “Jordan Rivers”—barriers and divisions between people, backgrounds, denominations, cultures, and convictions. Christians and non-Christians often seem separated by misunderstandings, hurts, or assumptions. Yet Scripture repeatedly calls us to serve with wholehearted devotion, remembering that “with good will doing service, as to the Lord, and not to men” (Ephesians 6:7), and “whatsoever ye do, do it heartily, as to the Lord” (Colossians 3:23). At the deepest level, we are working for God, not simply for people or institutions. This truth strengthens our resolve when challenges come.

Sabbath School Lesson 11: Living in the Land

 Lessons of Faith from Joshua

Sabbath School Lesson 11

Living in the Land

You may use this for presenting and studying the current Sabbath School Lesson.

Biblical Typology Pointing to Jesus

Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 10 -  Friday Further Thought 

Biblical Typology Pointing to Jesus

How does biblical typology help you better understand the ministry of Jesus Christ on your behalf?

Biblical typology is one of Scripture’s most powerful ways of revealing the unity of God’s story. A type is a person, event, or institution in the Old Testament that foreshadows and anticipates a greater fulfillment in Jesus Christ. When we study these patterns, we don’t just gain more Bible knowledge—we see more clearly the heart of Christ, His ministry, and His saving work for us. Typology helps us realize that Jesus is not God’s plan B; He is the center of Scripture from the beginning.

Below are three major Old Testament examples—Moses, Joshua, and David—and how the New Testament identifies them as foreshadowing Christ and His eternal kingdom.

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1. Moses: The Mediator and Deliverer

Moses stands as one of the most obvious types of Christ. He delivered Israel from bondage, mediated God’s covenant, and interceded for the people when they sinned.

How Moses points to Jesus:

• Deliverer: Moses brought Israel out of Egypt; Jesus brings us out of slavery to sin (John 8:36).

• Mediator: Moses stood between the people and God at Sinai; Jesus is the better Mediator of a better covenant (Hebrews 8:6).

• Prophet: Moses foretold that God would raise up another Prophet like him—and the New Testament confirms this prophecy was fulfilled in Jesus (Deuteronomy 18:15; Acts 3:22–23).

How this deepens my understanding of Jesus:
Christ doesn’t simply save and walk away; He continually intercedes, represents me before the Father, and teaches me God’s ways. He is the Mediator I can trust when I fall short.

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2. Joshua: The Captain Who Brings Us into Rest

Joshua’s very name—Yehoshua, the same root as Jesus—points to salvation. Joshua led Israel into the Promised Land and secured their inheritance.

How Joshua points to Jesus:

• Conqueror and Captain: Joshua led God’s people into the land; Jesus leads His people in triumph through His cross and resurrection (Colossians 2:15).

• Rest: Hebrews teaches that the “rest” Joshua gave was incomplete, pointing to the greater rest Jesus provides (Hebrews 4:8–9).

• Faithful Leader: Joshua’s bold obedience pictures Christ’s unwavering devotion to the Father’s will.

How this deepens my understanding of Jesus:
Christ is not only my Savior—He is the One who leads me daily, fights for me, and brings me into true spiritual rest. In Him, I find the inheritance of eternal life.

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3. David: The Shepherd-King After God’s Own Heart

David, the shepherd who became Israel’s king, is one of the most vivid pictures of the coming Messiah.

How David points to Jesus:

• Shepherd: David shepherded Israel; Jesus is the Good Shepherd who lays down His life for the sheep (John 10:11).

• King: God promised David an eternal throne (2 Samuel 7:12–13), fulfilled in Christ, the Son of David (Luke 1:32–33).

• Victorious Warrior: David defeated Goliath; Jesus defeats sin, death, and Satan on our behalf (1 Corinthians 15:54–57).

How this deepens my understanding of Jesus:
Jesus reigns both with compassion and authority. He guides, protects, and rules with justice far beyond the example of David.

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Typology in the New Testament: Christ and the New Jerusalem

The New Testament writers consistently show that the stories, offices, and figures of the Old Testament all converge on Jesus:

• Jesus referred to Moses’ writings as pointing to Him (John 5:46).

• Stephen and Peter both identify Moses as a type of Christ (Acts 7:37; Acts 3:22).

• The book of Hebrews explicitly connects Joshua to Jesus, showing that only Christ brings final rest (Hebrews 4).

• The Gospels repeatedly present Jesus as the Son of David who will sit on the everlasting throne (Matthew 1:1; Luke 1:32–33).

And all these threads lead to the ultimate fulfillment: the New Jerusalem, the eternal dwelling place of God with His people (Revelation 21–22). The Promised Land pointed forward to a better country. The throne of David pointed to a perfect and everlasting King. The temple Moses built pointed to God dwelling among His redeemed forever.

Typology teaches us that Jesus is the climax of Scripture’s story and the One in whom every promise finds its “Yes.”

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Closing Reflection

When I see Moses, Joshua, and David pointing to Jesus, I’m reminded that Christ’s ministry on my behalf is complete, intentional, and deeply rooted in God’s eternal plan. He delivers me like Moses, leads me like Joshua, and shepherds and rules me like David. Understanding typology enriches my love for Jesus and strengthens my confidence that my future—secured in the New Jerusalem—is unshakeable.

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Prayer

Lord Jesus, thank You for revealing Yourself throughout all of Scripture. Thank You for being my Deliverer like Moses, my Leader and Rest-Giver like Joshua, and my Shepherd-King like David. Open my eyes to see more of You in Your Word. Deepen my trust in Your finished work and strengthen my hope in the New Jerusalem You have prepared for Your people. Keep my heart faithful, grateful, and ready to follow wherever You lead. In Your precious name, Amen.

Joshua and Us: Claiming the Inheritance God Has Given

  Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 10 -  Thursday

Joshua and Us

Joshua’s story is far more than ancient history—it is a divinely designed picture of the Christian journey. Joshua, as a type, points beyond himself to Jesus Christ, the true Captain of our salvation, and beyond Christ’s earthly ministry to His ongoing work within the church, His body. As Joshua led Israel into a promised inheritance, Jesus leads His people into the fullness of salvation and the victory of a Spirit-transformed life.

The Battles Then—and Now

The wars Israel fought under Joshua foreshadow the spiritual struggles believers face today. But they are not the same.

Israel fought physical enemies with swords, shields, and strategies. The church fights spiritual enemies—temptations, false teachings, discouragement, doubt, pride, fear, and the spiritual forces of evil. Paul reminds Timothy to “wage the good warfare” (1 Tim. 1:18) and later testifies, “I have fought the good fight” (2 Tim. 4:7). This “fight” is not with people but against spiritual powers (Eph. 6:10–12). Our weapons “are not carnal but mighty in God” for breaking down strongholds (2 Cor. 10:3–5).

Israel conquered Canaan by trusting God’s promises and acting in obedience. The church conquers by leaning on God’s Word, relying on His Spirit, and standing firm in Christ’s strength (Acts 20:32). Joshua’s warfare prepared the way for Israel’s earthly home. Our warfare prepares us for an eternal inheritance.

The Greater Fulfillment of the Joshua Pattern

The New Testament points us to a far better and lasting inheritance—one that Joshua could only hint at.

Believers receive “an inheritance incorruptible, undefiled, and that does not fade away, reserved in heaven” (1 Pet. 1:4). Christ will reward His faithful people with the “inheritance from the Lord” (Col. 3:24). The final conflict between good and evil, prefigured by Joshua’s battles, peaks when God’s people are surrounded yet protected by His presence (Rev. 20:9). And the final fulfillment comes when God dwells with us eternally in the new creation (Rev. 21:3).

Joshua gave Israel rest in the land, but Jesus leads His church into the ultimate rest—life in God’s restored kingdom.

“How Long Will You Wait?”—Joshua’s Question for Today

Joshua challenged Israel: “How long will you neglect to go and possess the land?” (Josh. 18:3). They had been given the promise, the land was before them, yet hesitation and spiritual lethargy kept them from entering fully into what God had already granted.

If Jesus, the greater Joshua, asked us this question today, it might sound like this:

“My child, how long will you wait to step into the life I have already made yours? How long will you delay embracing My victory, My freedom, My calling, and My promises?”

Sometimes we settle for spiritual survival when God is calling us into spiritual abundance. Sometimes we hold back—not because the land isn’t ready, but because we aren’t ready to trust Him fully.

Let Jesus’ question stir you to faith: the inheritance is already given; the victory is already won; the grace is already available. Step forward.

Prayer

Father, thank You for giving us Jesus, our true Joshua—the One who leads, protects, strengthens, and fights for us. Teach us to stand firm in Your strength and to engage faithfully in the spiritual battles before us. Help us not to delay entering into the fullness of the life You have promised. Give us courage to claim Your promises, confidence to trust Your Word, and hope as we journey toward our eternal inheritance. Keep us faithful until the day when You dwell with us forever. In Jesus’ name, Amen.

The True Joshua, the Antitype: Christ, Our Eternal Rest-Giver

 Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 10 -  Wednesday

The True Joshua, the Antitype

Hebrews 3:7–4:11

The New Testament repeatedly shows that Joshua—Moses’ successor and the leader who brought Israel into the Promised Land—was more than a historical figure. He was a type, a divinely chosen preview, of Jesus Christ Himself. Moses led God’s people out of bondage, but Joshua led them into their inheritance. In this way, Joshua stands as a foreshadowing of a greater Savior, a greater Captain, and a greater Rest-Giver.

Hebrews 3 and 4 make this point unmistakable. The writer contrasts two “rests”: the temporary rest Joshua gave Israel when they entered Canaan, and the deeper, spiritual rest Christ gives to all who believe. Hebrews 4:8 states, “For if Joshua had given them rest, God would not have spoken later about another day.” In other words, Joshua’s conquest pointed forward. His work was real, but it was not final. It prepared the mind of Israel to recognize a coming Deliverer who would bring them into a rest far greater than a geographical inheritance.

Joshua could lead the people into the land, but Jesus, the true Joshua (the names are the same in Hebrew—Yehoshua), leads God’s people into salvation, victory over sin, and eternal life. Joshua conquered earthly enemies; Jesus conquered Satan, sin, death, and the grave. Joshua divided the land; Jesus gives His people the blessings of the new covenant. Joshua brought Israel into a temporary rest; Jesus brings His people into the eternal rest of God.

Hebrews 3:7–4:11 urges believers not to repeat Israel’s mistake of hardening their hearts. Instead, we are invited into a rest that is complete, sufficient, and purchased by Christ Himself. This rest is not inactivity—it is confidence, trust, and settled assurance that the victory has already been won by Another.

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What Does It Mean to “Rest” in What Christ Has Done for Us?

Resting in Christ means placing the full weight of your confidence—not on what you can do—but on what Christ has already done. It is the end of striving for acceptance and the beginning of life lived in assurance. When Hebrews speaks of God’s rest, it refers to the heart finally learning to stop carrying burdens Christ has already borne.

Rest means:

1. Trusting Christ’s finished work.
Jesus lived the perfect life we could not live and died the death we deserved. Rest comes when we accept that His righteousness is enough and His sacrifice is complete. We do not add to it; we simply believe it.

2. Living with assurance, not anxiety.
Rest is the opposite of spiritual insecurity. It is knowing that our salvation does not depend on our fluctuating feelings or unstable performance. Because Christ's work is finished, our peace can be firm.

3. Confidence in His victory over Satan.
Hebrews and the Gospels make it clear that Jesus defeated Satan through His obedience, His cross, and His resurrection. When we are in Christ, His victory becomes our victory. We do not fight to win spiritual battles—we fight from the victory He has already secured.

How can we have assurance that Jesus has defeated Satan on our behalf?
We have assurance because:

• Scripture declares it. Jesus said, “Now the ruler of this world will be cast out” (John 12:31). Hebrews says He destroyed “him who had the power of death—that is, the devil” (Heb. 2:14).

• The empty tomb proves it. Death is Satan’s weapon. Christ rose, disarming him forever.

• The Holy Spirit witnesses to it. The Spirit applies Christ’s victory to our hearts, giving us peace, boldness, and the freedom that comes from forgiveness.

• Our lives testify to it. Every temptation resisted through Christ’s strength, every sin forgiven, every fear turned to hope is evidence that Satan’s dominance is broken.

We rest because Jesus has already fought the decisive battle—and won it. Our role is to trust, to follow, and to stand firm in His triumph.

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Prayer

Lord Jesus, You are the true and greater Joshua—the One who leads us into the promised rest of salvation. Thank You for finishing the work we could never complete and for defeating Satan on our behalf. Teach us to rest in Your strength, not our own. Calm our anxious hearts and fill us with confidence in Your victory. Help us to trust fully in Your grace, walk in Your peace, and live each day in the assurance that You have already overcome the world. Lead us faithfully into Your eternal rest. In Your mighty name, Amen.

Joshua, the Type: Lessons from Moses and Joshua

 Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 10 -  Tuesday

Joshua, the Type: Lessons from Moses and Joshua

In biblical typology, Joshua serves as a type of Christ, and the parallelism between Moses and Joshua highlights God’s unfolding plan for His people. Both leaders were called through a personal encounter with God (Exod. 3:1–2; Josh. 1:1–3), demonstrating that divine commissioning is rooted in a direct relationship with the Lord. Moses sent spies into Canaan (Num. 13:1–2), and Joshua followed with his own mission (Josh. 2:1). Both were instructed to approach God on holy ground (Exod. 3:5; Josh. 5:15), emphasizing reverence and obedience.

Just as Moses was commissioned by a personal encounter with God, so was Joshua. Under their leadership, Israel became known among the nations, inspiring both fear and respect. Moses led Israel through the Red Sea, and Joshua led them across the Jordan, both miracles confirming God’s power. The importance of circumcision and the Passover was reaffirmed under both leaders. Manna sustained Israel during Moses’ time and ceased during Joshua’s. Both were commanded to remove their sandals in the presence of God, and the outstretched hand of each signaled Israel’s victory. Moses gave instructions for dividing the land and establishing cities of refuge; Joshua faithfully fulfilled them. Each concluded his ministry with a farewell address, renewing the covenant with God’s people.

Moses also foretold a prophet like himself (Deut. 18:15–19), a prophecy fulfilled ultimately in Jesus Christ (John 1:21; Acts 3:22–26; Acts 7:37). While Joshua led Israel into the Promised Land physically, he points forward typologically to Christ, who leads believers into the spiritual Promised Land—eternal life and victory over sin. Joshua’s ministry shows us the importance of obedience, trust, and faithfulness, all fulfilled perfectly in Jesus.

Reflection for Today:
Jesus must be the foundation of your Christian walk. Like Israel following Moses and Joshua, our spiritual journey requires a leader we trust completely. Without Jesus, we cannot claim victory over sin, nor enter the fullness of God’s promises. Centering our lives on Him ensures every decision, every step, and every challenge aligns with God’s plan.

Prayer:
Lord, thank You for sending leaders like Moses and Joshua to guide Your people, and most of all for sending Jesus, the ultimate Prophet, Priest, and King. Help me to trust in Him fully, follow His guidance daily, and build my life upon His finished work. May I experience victory, peace, and the fullness of Your promises through Christ alone. Amen.

Type and Antitype: Old Testament Shadows, New Testament Reality

 Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 10 -  Monday

Old Testament Types and Their Fulfillment

God often used people, events, and places in the Old Testament as types—patterns that point to greater spiritual truths fulfilled in Christ, His church, and the ultimate end of time. Three major examples are Israel, the Exodus, and the sanctuary. Each has a journey of fulfillment in three phases: Christological (in Christ), Ecclesiological (in the church), and Eschatological (in the final consummation).

This matters to Christians because biblical types show God’s consistent plan of salvation, helping us see how Christ, the church, and the end times are all part of His purpose. Understanding typology strengthens our faith, encourages obedience, and gives hope that God’s promises will be fully fulfilled.

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1. Israel

• Christological Phase (Matt. 2:15): Just as Israel was called out of Egypt, Jesus’ early life mirrored this journey. He fulfills the role of the true Israel, living in obedience to God where Israel sometimes failed.

• Ecclesiological Phase (Gal. 6:16): God’s people today—the church—continue Israel’s mission spiritually, carrying God’s covenant and reflecting His character.

• Eschatological Phase (Rev. 7:4–8, 14): In the end, God will gather His faithful from all nations, fulfilling the promise of a holy, redeemed people as He once did with Israel.

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2. The Exodus

• Christological Phase (Matt. 2:19–21): God delivered His people from slavery in Egypt; Christ delivers humanity from sin and death. Just as Israel left Egypt, Jesus leads us into freedom through His life, death, and resurrection.

• Ecclesiological Phase (2 Cor. 6:17): Believers today are called to separate from sin and the world, living holy lives as God’s people. The church continues the Exodus spiritually.

• Eschatological Phase (Rev. 18:4): Ultimately, God will rescue His people from the world’s corruption, bringing them to eternal safety, completing the Exodus once and for all.

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3. The Sanctuary

• Christological Phase (John 1:14; John 2:21; Matt. 26:61): The sanctuary pointed to Jesus. God dwelt among His people through Christ, and His sacrifice fulfills the sanctuary’s sacrificial system.

• Ecclesiological Phase (1 Cor. 3:16–17; 2 Cor. 6:16): The church is now God’s dwelling place. Just as the sanctuary was holy, God lives in His people through the Holy Spirit.

• Eschatological Phase (Rev. 3:12; Rev. 11:19; Rev. 21:3, 22): In the new creation, God will dwell with humanity fully. The ultimate sanctuary is not a building, but God with His people for eternity.

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Reflection

When you struggle to understand a passage, remember that it’s normal—Scripture can be deep and complex. Start by reading it slowly, looking at the context, and comparing it with other verses on the same topic. Using study tools like commentaries, Bible dictionaries, or trusted translations can clarify difficult points. Most importantly, pray and ask the Holy Spirit to guide your understanding, trusting that God will reveal His truth in His timing.

Old Testament types like Israel, the Exodus, and the sanctuary show us God’s plan across history. They teach us that God’s work in Christ, His church, and the end times is connected. What begins in the past finds ultimate fulfillment in Him, reminding us to trust His plan and live faithfully in the present.

Prayer:
Lord, thank You for showing us Your plan through the stories and symbols of the Old Testament. Help us to see Christ in every type, live as Your holy people today, and look forward with hope to the day You will make all things new. Amen.

Understanding Biblical Typology through David

 Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 10 -  Sunday

Understanding Biblical Typology through David

Scripture References on Typology:

• Romans 5:14 – “Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those who had not sinned in the likeness of the transgression of Adam…” Here, Paul identifies Adam as a type of Christ, illustrating how a person or event in the Old Testament foreshadows greater fulfillment in the New.

• 1 Corinthians 10:1–13 – Paul reminds the Corinthians that the experiences of Israel in the wilderness were written as examples (types) for us, warning us to avoid their sins. Typology teaches moral and spiritual lessons through historical precedent.

• Hebrews 8:5 – The earthly tabernacle and priestly service are described as a copy and shadow of the heavenly reality. God used these visible patterns to reveal deeper spiritual truths.

• Hebrews 9:23 – The Old Testament sacrifices were symbolic, pointing toward the ultimate reality in Christ. Types often serve as visual or historical foreshadowing of God’s redemptive plan.

Defining Biblical Typology:
Biblical typology is the study of figures, events, or institutions in the Old Testament that prefigure or foreshadow their ultimate fulfillment in the New Testament. A type is the original pattern, while the antitype is the reality that fulfills it in Christ or God’s ultimate plan. Through typology, Scripture connects God’s redemptive story across generations.

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David as a Biblical Type

a. David in the Old Testament:

• Psalm 22:1, 14–18: David experiences deep suffering and feels abandoned by God, yet he expresses unwavering trust in Him. His life includes moments of triumph, betrayal, and anguish, making him a complex figure of human struggle.

• Lesson: David’s life shows how God’s anointed can suffer yet remain faithful, serving as a mirror for Christ’s ultimate suffering.

b. The New David (Prophetic Fulfillment):

• Jeremiah 23:5; Isaiah 9:5–6; Isaiah 11:1–5: God promises a future Davidic King who will reign in righteousness and justice. This “new David” is the Messiah, Jesus Christ, who fulfills the promises made to David, bringing peace, justice, and salvation.

• Lesson: Typology bridges history and prophecy. David’s life anticipates the spiritual and kingly role fulfilled by Christ, illustrating God’s unfolding plan.

c. The Antitypical David:

• John 19:24: At the crucifixion, Jesus experiences suffering that echoes David’s laments in the Psalms, even as His victory brings eternal redemption. Here, Jesus becomes the antitype—the ultimate fulfillment of the Davidic pattern.

• Lesson: The antitypical David shows how Old Testament types gain their full meaning in Christ, teaching us about God’s consistency and faithfulness across time.

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Reflection and Application

Biblical typology invites us to see God’s hand in history and Scripture. David’s life shows the pattern of human struggle, divine promise, and ultimate fulfillment in Christ. Just as David’s experiences prefigure Christ’s life, suffering, and victory, we can trust that God’s plans in our lives are purposeful and redemptive, even when we cannot fully see them.

Prayer:
Lord, thank You for revealing Your plan through the lives of Your faithful servants. Help me to see Your hand in the Scriptures and trust in the ultimate fulfillment of Your promises in Christ. May I learn from the examples of those who came before and live in a way that honors You, knowing that You are faithful to fulfill Your Word. Amen.

Sabbath School Lesson 10: The True Joshua

 Lessons of Faith from Joshua

Sabbath School Lesson 10

The True Joshua

You may use this for presenting and studying the current Sabbath School Lesson.

Living in the Abundant Land of Christ

Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 9 -  Friday Further Thought 

Living in the Abundant Land of Christ

When God led Israel toward the Promised Land, He wasn’t simply guiding them to a new geographical location. He was leading them into a new kind of life—one marked by His presence, provision, and peace. The land flowing with milk and honey symbolized more than fertile fields and abundant harvests. It pointed forward to the rich, full, overflowing life God desires for His people in every age.

Jesus expressed this truth plainly when He said, “I have come that they may have life, and that they may have it more abundantly” (John 10:10, NKJV). The abundant life is not measured by possessions, ease, or outward success. It is the life of the Shepherd with His sheep—life rooted in grace, shaped by His voice, and sustained by His Spirit.

Just as the Promised Land provided Israel with everything needed to flourish—good soil, fresh water, protection from enemies—the blessings of salvation nourish our souls.

• Fruitfulness: In Canaan, Israel could plant, reap, and enjoy the produce of the land. In Christ, the Spirit produces in us the fruit of righteousness, character, and love that we could never grow on our own.

• Rest: The Promised Land offered a reprieve from wilderness wandering. Salvation gives us rest from the burden of guilt and the exhausting attempt to save ourselves. We rest in Christ’s finished work.

• Security: Israel found safety within the borders God established. In salvation, we find refuge in Christ—the One who protects, guides, and keeps us.

• Provision: The land supplied Israel’s daily needs. In Christ, God supplies the deepest needs of our hearts: forgiveness, purpose, joy, hope, and peace.

To live in the abundant land is to live in the reality of what Jesus has already won for us. It is to step out of spiritual wilderness living—fear, scarcity, self-reliance—and step into the fullness of His grace. This abundant life begins now and continues into the ultimate Promised Land—the kingdom restored in all its glory.

Prayer:
Lord Jesus, thank You for coming to give us life, and life more abundantly. Teach us to live in the fullness of Your salvation—to rest in Your grace, trust in Your protection, and bear the fruit of Your Spirit. Lead us out of every wilderness of fear or unbelief, and guide us into the rich experience of walking with You each day. Help us cherish the blessings You provide and look forward with hope to the final Promised Land. In Your name, Amen.

The Land Restored: God’s Promise and Our Hope

 Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 9 -  Thursday

The Land Restored: God’s Promise and Our Hope

The story of Israel is ultimately a story of God’s faithfulness. Even when the people were exiled from the Promised Land, God did not abandon them. Jeremiah 24:6 reminds the Israelites that God would bring them back from captivity, restoring them to their land. Jeremiah 31:16 and Ezekiel 11:17 reiterate this promise, emphasizing that God would gather His scattered people, renew their hearts, and reestablish them in the land He had promised. Ezekiel 28:25 and 37:14 further underline the restoration: God would bring peace, dwell among His people, and make His covenant permanent. Even in exile, God remained sovereign and faithful—a reminder that no circumstance can undo His promises.

The return to the land of Canaan was a physical fulfillment of God’s covenant with Israel. Yet Scripture points to a deeper, ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ. While the land of Canaan provided security and blessing for the Israelites, it could not fully satisfy the longings of the human heart. Jesus is the true Promised Land, the eternal dwelling place of God with His people. In John 14:1–3, He assures His followers that He is preparing a home for us, a place where we will dwell with Him forever. Titus 2:13 points to the “blessed hope” of Christ’s return, and Revelation 21:1–3 paints the glorious picture of a new heaven and a new earth, where God Himself will live with His redeemed people, wiping away every tear.

For Christians today, these promises offer profound hope. We live as pilgrims and sojourners in this world, but our ultimate home is secure. The death and resurrection of Jesus guarantee this hope: through His sacrifice, sin and death are conquered, and the way is opened for us to enter the eternal Promised Land. Just as Israel’s return from exile fulfilled God’s covenant in history, Christ’s resurrection assures us that God will fulfill His ultimate covenant for all who trust Him.

Living in this hope transforms our present. We are called to trust God amid trials, to hold fast to the promise of His presence, and to live in a way that reflects the peace, justice, and joy of His kingdom. Our faith is anchored not in what we see now, but in the certainty of what God has promised and accomplished through Christ.

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Prayer

Heavenly Father,
Thank You for Your unfailing promises and for remaining faithful even when Your people were in exile. Thank You for Jesus, the true fulfillment of the Promised Land, and for the hope of eternal life in Your presence. Help us to live as faithful sojourners, trusting in Your promises and walking in obedience and faith. Strengthen our hearts to persevere, knowing that through Christ’s death and resurrection, we are guaranteed a place in Your eternal kingdom. In Jesus’ name, Amen.

The Jubilee: Rest, Equality, and Generosity

   Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 9 -  Wednesday

The Jubilee: Rest, Equality, and Generosity

The biblical concept of the Jubilee, described in Leviticus 25:1–5 and 8–13, reveals God’s heart for justice, equality, and stewardship. Every fifty years, the Israelites were commanded to observe a Jubilee year—a time when the land rested, debts were forgiven, and property returned to its original owner. This system ensured that no family would be permanently impoverished and that the cycles of debt and exploitation would be broken. It was a tangible reminder that the land ultimately belongs to God (Leviticus 25:23), and that people are called to steward it responsibly.

The Sabbatical year, observed every seventh year, allowed the land itself to rest. Farmers were instructed not to sow or reap as usual, trusting God to provide sustenance. This practice promoted environmental care, reinforced dependence on God, and encouraged generosity, as those in need could freely gather what grew naturally. When observed faithfully, these rhythms of rest and restoration helped maintain social equality, preventing wealth from consolidating in the hands of a few and ensuring that the poorest could survive and thrive.

The Jubilee also carried profound symbolic meaning. The Israelites had once been serfs in Egypt—oppressed, enslaved, and without rights. Now, as landowners in Canaan, they were called to treat one another with compassion and fairness. By returning the land to its original owners and forgiving debts, God reminded them that their privileges were gifts, not personal entitlements. They were to reflect God’s generosity in their dealings with one another.

Sadly, Israel often ignored these commands, exploiting the land and each other, and suffered the consequences. Their experience demonstrates that social injustice and environmental neglect disrupt the harmony God intends. The Sabbath and Jubilee principles offer timeless lessons: in God’s eyes, all humans are equal, and none should be oppressed by greed, accumulation, or exploitation.

For us today, the Sabbath can serve as a spiritual and practical countermeasure to modern consumerism. Taking time to rest, reflect, and share freely interrupts the cycles of overwork, accumulation, and debt that dominate many societies. Observing Sabbath principles cultivates generosity, gratitude, and dependence on God rather than material wealth. It is a reminder that we are caretakers, not owners, of the blessings we receive—and that our lives gain true meaning when we honor God and seek justice for all.

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Prayer

Heavenly Father,
Thank You for the wisdom of Your law and the principles of Sabbath and Jubilee. Teach us to live as faithful stewards of Your blessings, sharing generously with those in need. Help us resist the pull of greed and consumerism, and guide us to create communities of fairness, equality, and compassion. May we rest in Your provision, trust Your guidance, and honor Your kingdom in every area of our lives. In Jesus’ name, Amen.

The Challenge of the Land: Stepping into God’s Inheritance

 Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 9 -  Tuesday

The Challenge of the Land: Stepping into God’s Inheritance

The Promised Land was a gift—a tangible expression of God’s faithfulness and covenant love. Yet receiving that gift did not mean that Israel’s journey was suddenly effortless. Joshua 13:1–7 reveals a crucial truth: even after years of conquest, “very much of the land remains to be possessed.” Joshua, now old, is reminded by God that unfinished territory still awaits Israel’s claim. The gift was real, but possessing it required perseverance, obedience, and continued dependence on God.

The challenges extended far beyond Joshua 13. Chapters 13–21 record the slow, careful distribution of tribal allotments—geographical boundaries, cities, and territories that each tribe was to settle. But each allotment came with obstacles. Some territories still housed strongholds of Canaanite resistance. Other areas required Israel to trust God to dislodge nations stronger than themselves. Certain tribes hesitated or failed to drive out the inhabitants completely, leading to later spiritual and social struggles (as hinted in Joshua 15:63; 16:10; 17:12–13). God had given the land, but Israel still had to step into it with faith and action.

Even within the Promised Land, the people faced the ongoing work of building homes, planting fields, organizing cities, and establishing worship centers. Possessing the promise was not passive—it stretched their courage, tested their unity, and deepened their reliance on God’s presence.

Christians today face a similar spiritual reality. Salvation is a gift, fully given through Jesus Christ. Yet living out this salvation involves growth, endurance, and partnership with God. Paul captures this balance in Philippians 2:12 when he urges believers to “work out your own salvation with fear and trembling.” He is not suggesting we earn salvation, but that we cooperate with the grace already given, allowing God to shape our character day by day.

Hebrews 12:28 offers another parallel: we are receiving “a kingdom that cannot be shaken.” The kingdom is ours by promise, yet we must live faithfully within it, resisting sin, pursuing holiness, and holding fast to Christ amid pressures, temptations, and spiritual battles. Just like Israel, we often find that God’s promises come with challenges that refine us and strengthen our trust.

In our daily walk, “occupying the land” means claiming God’s promises through prayer, obedience, and perseverance. It means confronting habits, fears, or spiritual strongholds that linger in our lives. It means moving forward even when the territory ahead is unfamiliar or intimidating. Just as Israel gradually grew into their inheritance, so believers grow into the fullness of God’s calling.

But the assurance remains: the God who gave the land is the God who empowers us to possess it. His faithfulness, not our strength, secures the victory. Our part is to step forward in trust, believing that the One who begins His work in us will bring it to completion.

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Prayer

Lord God,
Thank You for the gift of salvation and the promises You freely give. Like Israel, we often find challenges standing between us and the fullness of Your blessings. Give us courage, faith, and perseverance to move forward, trusting You in every struggle. Help us work out our salvation with humility, knowing that You are the One who works in us both to will and to do Your good pleasure. Strengthen us to live faithfully in the kingdom we are receiving. In Jesus’ name, Amen.

The Land as a Gift: Living as Heirs of a Greater Promise

   Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 9 -  Monday

The Land as a Gift: Living as Heirs of a Greater Promise

The Promised Land stands at the heart of Israel’s story—a reminder that God not only delivers His people from bondage but also leads them into blessing. When God spoke to Moses in Exodus 3:8, He described Canaan as a “good and spacious land,” a place of abundance offered as a gift to a people who had known only the oppression of Egypt. This land was not a trophy for their merit; it was an expression of God’s covenant love.

Yet the relationship between God, Israel, and the land was unique. Leviticus 20:22 warns Israel that remaining in the land required obedience; sin would defile the land and jeopardize their place in it. Leviticus 25:23 makes this relationship even clearer: “The land is Mine; for you are strangers and sojourners with Me.” In other words, Israel were tenants, not ultimate owners. God remained the true Landlord, and Israel’s occupancy was a privilege grounded in covenant loyalty.

Numbers 13:27 highlights the fruitfulness of God’s gift—“a land flowing with milk and honey.” Yet possessing this land required faith. Deuteronomy 4:1 urges Israel to listen to God’s statutes so they might “go in and possess the land.” Later, Moses warned in Deuteronomy 4:25–26 that turning to idolatry would threaten their inheritance. Even in Deuteronomy 6:3, the promise of prosperity is linked with heeding God’s voice.

Psalm 24:1 then places everything in perspective: “The earth is the Lord’s, and the fullness thereof.” Israel never owned Canaan in an absolute sense. They were stewards of God’s land, called to reflect His character and live in covenant relationship with Him.

The contrast between Israel’s slavery in Egypt and their freedom in Canaan is profound. In Egypt they were property; in Canaan they became landholders—not because they earned it, but because God redeemed them. Their identity changed from oppressed laborers to heirs of divine promise.

For Christians today, especially in the light of 1 Peter 2:11 and Hebrews 11:9–13, the idea of living as strangers and sojourners carries deep spiritual meaning. Peter reminds believers that this world is not our ultimate home. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob lived in tents because they trusted in a greater homeland—the “city whose designer and builder is God.” They embraced God’s promises even though they did not yet see the fullness of them.

Personally, this truth calls me to hold earthly things lightly. I am reminded that every blessing I enjoy is God’s gift, not my possession. Like the patriarchs, I journey forward in faith, knowing that my true inheritance is not tied to a geographical place but to God’s eternal kingdom. Living as a sojourner means refusing to anchor my identity in temporary things. It means walking with expectation, trusting that the God who guided Israel to Canaan is leading me toward the New Earth—a place more glorious than anything this world offers.

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Prayer

Father in Heaven,
Thank You for the reminder that every good thing comes from You. As You gave Israel the Promised Land, so You offer us an eternal inheritance through Christ. Teach us to live as faithful stewards and hopeful sojourners, fixing our eyes on the city You have prepared. Keep our hearts loyal, our steps steady, and our faith strong as we journey toward Your kingdom. In Jesus’ name, Amen.

Eden and Canaan: Living as Heirs of God’s Promises

  Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 9 -  Sunday

Eden and Canaan: Living as Heirs of God’s Promises

The story of Eden and the story of Canaan frame the human experience—from the world we lost to the world God promises to restore. In Genesis 2:15, God placed Adam and Eve in the garden “to tend and keep it.” Eden was not merely a home; it was an environment where fellowship with God was unhindered and where labor was joyful, meaningful, and free from pain. But after the Fall (Genesis 3:17–24), the first human couple experienced a dramatic shift in their living space. The ground that had once readily yielded abundance would now resist them with “thorns and thistles.” Their work would be marked by toil, sweat, frustration, and limitation. Worst of all, they were driven out from the garden—exiled from the place where they walked with God.

This loss of Eden becomes a theological backdrop for the promise of Canaan. When God spoke to Abram in Genesis 13:14–15, He offered land once again—land that Abram would not fully possess in his lifetime, but which symbolized God’s intention to restore His people and bring them into a place of inheritance. Isaac heard the same promise in Genesis 26:3 and again in verse 24. Jacob received it in Genesis 28:13. The patriarchs embraced the promise even though they lived as strangers in tents. Hebrews 11 tells us that they welcomed the promises from afar because they believed God’s word more than their immediate circumstances.

To the patriarchs, the land was not simply real estate; it was a covenant sign. It was the assurance that God had not abandoned humanity to exile and wandering. Just as Eden was a gift, so Canaan would be a gift—granted by grace, not earned by human merit.

As Adventists, Hebrews 6:11–15 speaks directly to us: we are “heirs of the promises.” Like Abraham, we are called to patience, faithfulness, and endurance. Salvation is a gift just as the Promised Land was—freely given, rooted in God’s covenant love, and secured by Christ alone. Paul reminds us that we are saved “by grace…through faith” (Ephesians 2:8–9). Yet this grace calls us to a faith that perseveres. The gift is real, but we must cling to it. Jesus Himself taught that those who endure to the end will be saved (Matthew 24:13). Our faithfulness does not earn salvation; it simply holds on to the gift so generously provided.

Living as heirs means we journey with purpose. We are not home yet, but we walk toward a restored Eden, a new earth where God dwells with His people. The patriarchs lived in tents because they knew Canaan pointed beyond itself. In the same way, we hold lightly to this world, trusting God to keep His promises and guide us toward His eternal kingdom.

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Prayer

Heavenly Father,
Thank You for the promise that what was lost in Eden will one day be restored. Teach us to walk in faith as Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob did. Help us cherish the gift of salvation, holding to it with patient endurance and joyful obedience. Strengthen our hearts to trust Your promises and to live each day as heirs of Your grace. Lead us toward the better land You have prepared for Your people. In Jesus’ name, Amen.

Sabbath School Lesson 9: Heirs of Promises, Prisoners of Hope

 Lessons of Faith from Joshua

Sabbath School Lesson 9

Heirs of Promises, Prisoners of Hope

You may use this for presenting and studying the current Sabbath School Lesson.

Courage to Stand: Living Out Faith When Others Stay Silent

Lessons of Faith from Joshua - Sabbath School Lesson 8 -  Friday Further Thought

 

Courage to Stand: Living Out Faith When Others Stay Silent

Peer pressure is one of the most underestimated forces shaping human behavior. It can silence conviction, distort judgment, and cause even faithful people to shrink back from what they know is right. Scripture gives us a powerful example of this dynamic in the story of Joshua and Caleb. When the twelve spies returned from scouting the Promised Land, ten were overwhelmed with fear. Their report discouraged the people and stirred doubt about God’s promises. Yet Joshua and Caleb stood apart. They spoke up when no one else would, urging Israel to trust God despite the intimidating circumstances (Numbers 13–14). Their courage was rooted not in self-confidence but in confidence in God.

The life of faith has always required courage. Following Jesus sometimes means speaking truth gently even when that truth is unpopular. It means refusing to blend in when blending in would compromise obedience. Jesus reminded His followers of this reality, teaching, “Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul” (Matthew 10:28). Paul echoed this courage when he encouraged believers to overcome evil with good (Romans 12:21). Faith compels us to stand firm—but it also teaches us how to stand.

Courage does not require rudeness, harshness, or superiority. Joshua and Caleb did not mock the fears of the other spies or shame the community. Instead, they appealed to God’s promises and character. They spoke boldly but with reverence, humility, and hope. Their example reminds us that standing for what is right should be coupled with a spirit that reflects Christ’s love. Speaking truth “in love” is the Christian posture—steady, respectful, and guided by the Holy Spirit.

We can cultivate this balance by grounding ourselves in Scripture, praying for the right words, and remembering that our goal is not to win arguments but to honor God. When courage flows from faith rather than pride, our convictions become a witness rather than a weapon.

Prayer:
Lord, give me the courage to stand for what is right even when others remain silent. Help me to speak truth with humility and love, guided by Your Spirit. Strengthen my faith so that I may trust You the way Joshua and Caleb did, and let my actions reflect Your grace in every situation. Amen.